Hydropower

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Date: May 2011 Time:
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Hydropower is one of the most important and increasingly often used natural sources of energy. It is based on the mechanical flow of water. Currently, hydropower is used to generate electricity (such as hydropower, where energy is produced by stacking up dams). Hydropower is also used to drive a machine (eg support the turbine or water wheel).

Years ago, before there were electrical machinery and electricity became common in every home and farm, primarily hydropower was used. Especially to drive mills, forges, saw mills and other industrial plants, where this kind of energy, worked out very well.

Another advantage of hydropower is its price. It’s much cheaper than fossil fuels and nuclear energy. For this reason, industrial plants which use hydropower, attract businesses due to lower electricity costs. Increasingly, also the need for taking care about the environment decides.

Hydropower is not a major source of electricity as water resources, necessary to produce it, are very limited. In addition, most water sources are located in remote locations. Low cost of energy, however, involves the construction of the high cost hydroelectric power plant. This type of investment also requires a long waiting time for a profit. Despite this, more and more of hydropower plants are being built, especially in the areas with large water tanks.

There are several types of power plants, one of them are plants with natural water supply. Another is regulatory power plants, a reservoir, with a special reservoir, in which periodic changes in the amount of flowing water are balanced. There are also flow (non-reservoir) power plants built, in this case the amount of energy produced, is depending on the amount of water flowing in the river at a given time. The last type are pumped - storage. They are built between two water reservoirs - the upper and lower level. This arrangement allows the accumulation of energy when it is not really needed (if there is water in the upper reservoir), and its elimination at the time of high demand (draining of the tank top to bottom using water turbines.) Another division of power plants depends on their power. Large power plants are those, with the minimum capacity of 10 MW. Small plants produce energy of 200 to 10 kW. There are also micro electric plants, with a capacity below 200 kW.

The largest hydropower plant in the world is on the border between Brazil and Paraguay, exactly the Itaipu dam on the Parana. It was built in 1983.

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